How can we improve knowledge on the causes and distribution of cancer?

Challenge

The Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) within the National Cancer Institute (NCI) conducts research aimed at understanding the causes and distribution of cancer in populations, supporting the development of effective interventions, and monitoring cancer trends in all segments of the population.

As a division that both funds a portfolio of grants and also conducts original research, DCCPS plays a central role within the federal government as a source of expertise on issues such as the quality of cancer care, the economic burden of cancer, health equity, behavioral factors related to cancer such as obesity and tobacco use, and the translation of research results into cancer care practice.

To meet these research goals, DCCPS conducts and supports an integrated program of high-quality genetic, epidemiological, behavioral, social, applied, and surveillance cancer research.

Solutions

To assist DCCPS in meeting its varied research goals, Westat works closely with NCI scientists to identify the appropriate research technique needed and to then collect data, analyze data, conduct evaluations, and develop reports and publications on a wide range of topics.

Westat’s work has involved designing studies by determining the appropriate research methods (quantitative or qualitative), selecting data sources, and establishing data collection protocols. It has included developing and testing survey instruments across various modes, such as paper, web, phone, and in-person.

The research has encompassed both nationwide probability samples and non-probability panels, with qualitative data gathered through interviews and focus groups. Quantitative analysis techniques, including linear modeling, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and network analysis, have been applied as appropriate, while qualitative data have been analyzed using tools like NVivo. The work has sometimes involved enhancing datasets with geographic information, linking and harmonizing data from different sources, and conducting unbiased evaluation research such as portfolio analysis.

Additionally, NCI has asked Westat to conduct literature reviews, auditing website content, and providing scientific program support for ongoing DCCPS initiatives.

Results

DCCPS has successfully enhanced NCI’s ability to alleviate the burden of cancer through research in epidemiology, behavioral sciences, health services, surveillance, and cancer survivorship. The result of this research has generated knowledge about how to monitor and change individual and collective behavior and to ensure that the knowledge gained from the research is translated into effective cancer reduction practice and policy.